I’ve found the 14 best smart thermostats for heat-only systems that help keep your home cozy and energy-efficient. They include options like Sensi, ecobee, Honeywell, and more, each supporting different wiring setups and smart features like app control, voice compatibility, and energy savings. Most are easy to install, but some require wiring adjustments. Keep in mind compatibility with your system, and you’ll discover the best fit for your needs just ahead.
Key Takeaways
- Ensure compatibility with heat-only systems like boilers, baseboards, or floor heating, and verify voltage and wiring requirements.
- Many models support remote control via Wi-Fi or smart home integrations, enhancing convenience and energy savings.
- Select thermostats with easy DIY installation, clear wiring instructions, and features like C-wire support or power extender kits.
- Opt for ENERGY STAR certified devices to maximize energy efficiency and reduce heating costs annually.
- Consider user interface and smart features such as scheduling, geofencing, and voice control for personalized comfort.
Sensi Smart Thermostat
If you’re looking for a smart thermostat that’s easy to install and works seamlessly with heat-only systems, the Sensi Smart Thermostat is an excellent choice. It offers Wi-Fi connectivity, programmable controls, and compatible with most residential HVAC setups. Setup is straightforward, with step-by-step app instructions, a built-in level, and often no C-wire needed. I appreciate its sleek design and large LED display, making manual adjustments simple. It supports voice commands through Alexa and Google Assistant, plus remote management via the app. Overall, it’s reliable, energy-efficient, and user-friendly, making it ideal for DIY installation and enhancing your home comfort.
Best For: homeowners seeking an easy-to-install, energy-efficient smart thermostat compatible with heat-only systems and DIY setup.
Pros:
- Simple DIY installation with step-by-step app guidance and built-in level
- Compatibility with most residential HVAC systems, including heat-only setups
- User-friendly app features for scheduling, remote access, and voice control
Cons:
- Limited detailed usage data and no breakdown of run times
- Occasional delays in HVAC response time after setting adjustments
- No support for Bixby voice assistant or advanced system diagnostics
Sensi Lite Smart Thermostat
The Sensi Lite Smart Thermostat stands out as an excellent choice for homeowners seeking an easy-to-install, energy-efficient solution for heat-only systems. Its DIY-friendly design includes a built-in level and step-by-step instructions, making installation straightforward. Compatible with most HVAC systems, it works with Alexa and Wi-Fi, and most installations don’t need a C-wire—except for heat/cool or heat pump setups. Certified by ENERGY STAR, it can save around 23% on energy costs through flexible scheduling, geofencing, and remote control via a mobile app. Plus, Sensi prioritizes your privacy, avoiding data sharing or targeted advertising.
Best For: homeowners seeking an easy-to-install, energy-efficient smart thermostat compatible with heat-only systems and looking to save on energy costs.
Pros:
- Easy DIY installation with built-in level and step-by-step instructions
- Compatible with most HVAC systems and works with Alexa and Wi-Fi
- ENERGY STAR certified, helping save approximately 23% on energy costs
Cons:
- Most systems do not require a C-wire, but heat/cool or heat pump systems may need one
- Limited to heat-only systems, not suitable for cooling or multi-stage HVAC setups
- Advanced features may require a compatible smartphone app and Wi-Fi connection
ecobee Smart Thermostat Enhanced, Programmable Wifi Thermostat
For homeowners seeking an easy-to-install, energy-efficient thermostat, the ecobee Smart Thermostat Enhanced stands out. It can save up to 26% annually on heating and cooling costs by automatically adjusting the temperature when you’re away and preheating or precooling your home before you arrive. The thermostat also optimizes humidity levels for consistent comfort. Installation is straightforward, especially with the Power Extender Kit if you lack a C-wire, and it’s designed to work with most 24 VAC systems. Plus, you can control it remotely via smartphone, tablet, or Apple Watch, and it integrates seamlessly with voice assistants like Alexa, Google, and Siri.
Best For: homeowners looking for an easy-to-install, energy-efficient thermostat that offers smart control and compatibility with various HVAC systems.
Pros:
- Saves up to 26% annually on heating and cooling costs through automatic adjustments and preconditioning.
- Easy to install with optional Power Extender Kit and compatible with most 24 VAC HVAC systems.
- Supports remote control via smartphone, tablet, Apple Watch, and integrates with popular voice assistants like Alexa, Google, and Siri.
Cons:
- May require additional setup or troubleshooting for users unfamiliar with smart thermostats.
- Limited compatibility with some proprietary or specialized HVAC systems.
- Requires Wi-Fi connection for remote features, which may be a concern in areas with poor connectivity.
ecobee Smart Thermostat Premium with Sensors and Air Quality Monitor
The ecobee Smart Thermostat Premium with Sensors and Air Quality Monitor stands out as an excellent choice for homeowners seeking precise control over heat-only systems while prioritizing energy savings and air quality. It can reduce heating costs by up to 26% annually and features SmartSensors that eliminate hot and cold spots, boosting comfort and efficiency. The thermostat detects open windows or doors, automatically pausing HVAC to save energy. Built-in air quality sensors alert you to poor conditions, and it includes safety features like smoke detection and temperature drop alerts. Compatible with most 24VAC systems, it’s sleek, easy to install, and integrates seamlessly with voice assistants, making it a smart addition to your home.
Best For: homeowners seeking advanced energy management, air quality monitoring, and seamless smart home integration for their heating and cooling systems.
Pros:
- Reduces heating and cooling costs by up to 26% annually with ENERGY STAR certification.
- Features SmartSensors for eliminating hot and cold spots, enhancing comfort and efficiency.
- Built-in air quality monitor and safety alerts for smoke, temperature drops, and system security.
Cons:
- Regional restrictions may limit some location-based features and sensor functionalities.
- Requires Apple Home Hub for Siri integration, adding extra setup for Apple users.
- Initial setup can be more complex for those unfamiliar with smart thermostats or HVAC wiring.
Honeywell Home Smart Thermostat with WiFi
If you’re looking for a smart thermostat optimized for conventional heat-only systems, the Honeywell Home Smart Thermostat with WiFi is a solid choice. It supports up to two heat/two cool systems and heat pumps, making it versatile for different setups. The device is ENERGY STAR certified, WiFi-enabled, and compatible with Alexa, Google Assistant, and Apple HomeKit thanks to Matter certification. It features an LCD display, push buttons, and interchangeable decorative accents. Easy to install, it supports remote control via the app and offers scheduling, auto-away, humidity monitoring, and filter reminders. While some users face connectivity and app navigation issues, overall, it’s a reliable, customizable option.
Best For: homeowners with conventional or heat pump systems seeking a versatile, user-friendly smart thermostat compatible with popular voice assistants and smart home platforms.
Pros:
- ENERGY STAR certified and supports remote control via app and voice commands.
- Easy to install and customize with interchangeable decorative accents and flexible scheduling options.
- Compatible with Alexa, Google Assistant, and Apple HomeKit, with Matter certification for seamless integration.
Cons:
- Some users experience connectivity issues and app navigation limitations.
- Lacks remote sensors, which can affect temperature accuracy in different rooms.
- Basic design with a small display and occasional wifi disconnections may impact user experience.
Amazon Smart Thermostat
The Amazon Smart Thermostat stands out as an ideal choice for homeowners looking to upgrade their heat-only systems with a reliable, energy-efficient device. It’s compatible with Alexa and Ring, making control easy via voice or app. Installation requires a C-wire, but the Alexa app guides you through the process, and customer support is available if needed. Built with Honeywell’s trusted technology, it offers proven reliability. Certified by ENERGY STAR, it can save around $50 annually on energy bills by automatically adjusting temperatures based on presence and readings. Plus, Amazon often provides rebate info, helping you save even more while keeping your home cozy and efficient.
Best For: homeowners seeking an easy-to-install, energy-efficient smart thermostat compatible with Alexa and Ring to enhance home comfort and reduce energy bills.
Pros:
- Easy installation guided by the Alexa app with customer support available
- Compatible with Alexa and Ring for voice and remote control
- ENERGY STAR certified, offering approximately $50 annual savings on energy bills
Cons:
- Requires a C-wire for installation, which may not be present in all homes
- Limited to heat-only systems, not suitable for cooling or multi-zone setups
- Dependence on Wi-Fi connectivity for remote features and voice control
Sensi Touch 2 Smart Thermostat with Touchscreen Display
Designed for homeowners seeking an easy-to-use, energy-efficient thermostat, the Sensi Touch 2 Smart Thermostat with Touchscreen Display stands out with its intuitive color touchscreen and smart features. It’s compatible with most U.S. and Canada HVAC systems and works with a common (C-wire) for power. The thermostat supports smart home integrations like Alexa, Google Assistant, and Samsung SmartThings, allowing voice control. It helps save around 23% on energy costs with flexible scheduling, remote access, and usage reports. Easy to install via the app, it provides detailed guidance, and its sleek design makes it a practical, user-friendly choice for heat-only systems.
Best For: homeowners seeking an easy-to-install, energy-efficient smart thermostat compatible with major smart home platforms.
Pros:
- User-friendly color touchscreen interface for easy scheduling and control
- Compatible with popular voice assistants like Alexa, Google Assistant, and SmartThings
- Helps reduce energy costs by approximately 23% through flexible scheduling and remote access
Cons:
- Some users experience Wi-Fi connection challenges during setup
- Requires a common (C-wire) for power, which may not be available in all homes
- Occasional confusion due to setup PIN changes after failed connection attempts
RTH9585WF1004 Wi-Fi Smart Color Thermostat
For homeowners seeking a versatile and customizable thermostat, the RTH9585WF1004 Wi-Fi Smart Color Thermostat stands out with its bright, easy-to-read touchscreen and personalized color options. It offers flexible scheduling to match your routines or utility peak pricing, and it’s compatible with forced air, hot water, steam, and heat pumps with electric backup—though not electric baseboard heat. ENERGY STAR certified, it helps you track energy use with monthly reports and offers tips to save. Plus, it supports Alexa and smart home integration, and you can participate in utility demand response programs for rewards. Just confirm you have a C-wire for proper installation.
Best For: homeowners seeking a customizable, energy-efficient smart thermostat with flexible scheduling and smart home compatibility.
Pros:
- Bright, easy-to-read touchscreen with customizable color options to match décor
- Compatible with various heating systems including forced air, hot water, steam, and heat pumps with electric backup
- ENERGY STAR certified, offering energy tracking, tips for savings, and participation in utility demand response programs
Cons:
- Not compatible with electric baseboard heat (120-240V)
- Requires a C-wire for proper installation, which may necessitate additional setup
- Limited to Wi-Fi connectivity; may not work well in areas with weak internet signals
Schluter Ditra-Heat-E-RS1 Smart Thermostat with Floor Sensors
If you’re looking to upgrade your heat-only system with a sleek, modern thermostat that offers precise control, the Schluter Ditra-Heat-E-RS1 stands out thanks to its built-in floor sensors and smart home compatibility. Its mirror-finish design, LCD display, and touchpad make it visually appealing, though some find the reflective surface hard to read. It connects easily via Wi-Fi, supporting Amazon Alexa and Google Home for voice commands and app control. With programmable scheduling, energy tracking, and safety features, it’s a versatile choice for floor heating. Setup is straightforward, and its compatibility with 120V/240V systems makes it suitable for various installations.
Best For: homeowners seeking a modern, aesthetically pleasing smart thermostat with precise floor heating control and compatibility with voice assistants.
Pros:
- Sleek mirror-finish design with LCD display and touchpad for modern aesthetics
- Supports smart home integration via Wi-Fi, Alexa, and Google Home for voice and app control
- Features dual sensors, programmable scheduling, energy tracking, and safety protections
Cons:
- Reflective surface can be difficult to read and prone to smudges
- Some users report app usability issues and frequent updates that complicate operation
- Concerns about durability and reliability, with reports of faults and limited warranty support when purchased through certain retailers
Mysa Smart Thermostat LITE for Baseboard Heaters
The Mysa Smart Thermostat LITE stands out as an ideal choice for homeowners with electric baseboard heaters seeking an easy, WiFi-enabled way to control their heat. It’s compatible with 120V and 240V systems and works with various heaters like fan-forced and convector units. With simple DIY installation and a sleek design, it takes about 15 minutes to set up, no electrician needed. The thermostat offers remote control via a smartphone app, scheduling, and energy monitoring, helping you save up to 26% on heating costs. Plus, it integrates seamlessly with Apple HomeKit, Alexa, and Google Assistant for hands-free operation.
Best For: homeowners with electric baseboard heaters seeking an easy, WiFi-enabled thermostat for remote control, scheduling, and energy savings.
Pros:
- Simple DIY installation in approximately 15 minutes without the need for an electrician
- Compatible with popular voice assistants like Apple HomeKit, Alexa, and Google Assistant for hands-free control
- Helps reduce heating costs by up to 26 through customizable schedules and energy monitoring
Cons:
- Limited to line voltage electric heaters; not suitable for other heating types
- Does not include advanced features like geofencing or multi-zone control
- Requires a stable WiFi connection for remote operation and scheduling
ecobee Smart Thermostat Essential, Wi-Fi Programmable Thermostat
The ecobee Smart Thermostat Essential stands out as an excellent choice for homeowners seeking energy savings without sacrificing convenience. It can cut your heating and cooling costs by up to 23% annually by automatically adjusting to your schedule, saving energy when you’re away and maintaining comfort when you’re home. You can track energy usage remotely through the ecobee app, and regular software updates keep it performing well over time. It’s compatible with most HVAC systems—no C-wire needed if you use the Power Extender Kit—and works seamlessly with Apple HomeKit, Google Assistant, and Alexa, making it a versatile, smart addition to any home.
Best For: homeowners seeking an energy-efficient, easy-to-install smart thermostat that integrates seamlessly with popular smart home platforms.
Pros:
- Saves up to 23% annually on heating and cooling costs through automatic scheduling and energy tracking
- Compatible with most HVAC systems, no C-wire needed with the Power Extender Kit
- Supports major smart home ecosystems like Apple HomeKit, Google Assistant, and Amazon Alexa
Cons:
- Compatibility verification required via ecobee online checker for certain HVAC systems
- Limited features compared to higher-end ecobee models
- No built-in voice assistant; relies on external smart home devices for voice control
LEVOIT Smart Thermostat for Home
For homeowners seeking a sleek, WiFi-enabled thermostat compatible with various heat-only systems, the Levoit Aura 400S stands out. Its modern 4-inch touchscreen offers easy control, weather updates, and system status at a glance. The device supports Alexa, Google Assistant, and remote app control, making it simple to adjust settings from anywhere. Installation is straightforward, thanks to the included C-wire adapter, and it supports up to 16 sensors for room-to-room comfort. Designed for energy efficiency, it offers customizable routines and eco levels. Despite some user complaints about display dimming and minor connectivity issues, its versatility and sleek design make it a strong choice for heat-only systems.
Best For: homeowners seeking a sleek, WiFi-enabled thermostat compatible with heat-only systems and wanting easy remote control and energy-efficient routines.
Pros:
- Modern 4-inch touchscreen with auto-brightness and weather updates for easy local control and system status at a glance
- Supports up to 16 sensors for personalized room comfort and energy savings
- Compatible with Alexa, Google Assistant, and VeSync app for seamless voice and remote control
Cons:
- Some users report issues with display dimming or turning off automatically, affecting convenience
- Minor connectivity and false alert issues, such as filter change notifications based on days rather than runtime
- Menu navigation can be cumbersome on the touchscreen, and firmware updates could improve user experience
Cielo Smart Thermostat Eco
If you’re looking to cut heating costs without sacrificing comfort, the Cielo Smart Thermostat Eco stands out thanks to its ENERGY STAR certification, which guarantees energy savings. It’s compatible with most 24V HVAC systems, including gas, electric, oil, and heat pumps, supporting both conventional heating and cooling. Installation is straightforward, with a free C-Wire adapter for homes without one. You can control it remotely through the free iOS and Android apps, setting intelligent schedules and managing your home climate from anywhere. Plus, it offers detailed energy insights and a Vacation Mode to optimize efficiency during absences, all wrapped in a sleek black design.
Best For: homeowners seeking an energy-efficient, easy-to-install smart thermostat compatible with a wide range of HVAC systems and who want remote control and detailed energy insights.
Pros:
- ENERGY STAR certified for guaranteed energy savings
- Easy DIY installation with included C-Wire adapter
- Remote management via free iOS and Android apps with customizable schedules
Cons:
- Not compatible with mini split systems
- Limited to 24V HVAC systems, excluding some specialized setups
- Design may not appeal to those preferring more traditional or high-end aesthetic styles
Vine Smart Thermostat with Touchscreen Display
With its wide compatibility and easy installation, the Vine Smart Thermostat with Touchscreen Display stands out as an excellent choice for homeowners seeking a cost-effective, feature-rich solution for heat-only systems. It supports 90% of systems, including conventional, heat pumps, natural gas, electric, and more, with C-wire support for straightforward setup. The 2.8-inch LCD touchscreen offers intuitive control, and features like Auto-Away, geofence, and energy-saving modes enhance comfort and efficiency. Compatible with Alexa, Google Assistant, Android, and iOS, it allows remote control via apps. Many users find installation quick and simple, making it a versatile, reliable option for maintaining a cozy home.
Best For: homeowners seeking a cost-effective, easy-to-install smart thermostat compatible with a wide range of HVAC systems and looking for remote control and energy-saving features.
Pros:
- Wide compatibility with 90% of HVAC systems, including conventional, heat pump, natural gas, and electric setups
- Easy installation typically completed within 20 minutes with clear online guides and videos
- Supports remote control via app, with features like scheduling, Auto-Away, and energy-saving modes
Cons:
- Some users experience initial setup challenges or software bugs that require firmware updates
- Occasional issues with temperature accuracy and reliability reported by certain customers
- Support interactions may vary in responsiveness, especially during troubleshooting or product testing
Factors to Consider When Choosing Smart Thermostats for Heat‑Only Systems
When choosing a smart thermostat for a heat-only system, I always start by checking its compatibility with my setup and wiring requirements. It’s also important to consider control options, installation ease, and any energy-saving features that can help reduce costs. Focusing on these points guarantees I pick a device that fits my system and lifestyle perfectly.
Compatibility With System Type
Choosing a smart thermostat for a heat-only system requires careful attention to compatibility details. First, verify the thermostat works with your specific system type, such as boilers, electric baseboards, or floor heating. These systems often have unique wiring or voltage requirements, usually 120V or 240V, so confirming support for your voltage level is essential to avoid electrical issues. Additionally, check if the thermostat can handle your system’s control method—whether it’s line voltage or low voltage—since compatibility varies. Confirm that the thermostat offers appropriate wiring options, like support for line voltage wiring or specific terminal connections, to match your setup. Ultimately, consider features like scheduling and remote control, ensuring they suit your heat-only system’s operation.
Wiring and Power Needs
Many heat-only systems lack a common (C) wire, making it essential to choose a smart thermostat that supports flexible power options like Power Extender Kits or batteries. Some thermostats require a dedicated C-wire for continuous power, while others use power stealing technology or run on batteries, affecting installation choices. It’s important to verify if your system has a dedicated R or Rh wire, as most thermostats depend on these for proper operation in heat-only setups. Additionally, some thermostats are compatible only with low-voltage (24V) wiring, while others may need extra modules or adapters for line voltage systems. Ensuring your wiring and power setup match the thermostat’s requirements is vital to avoid issues like system resets or power outages, especially when a C-wire isn’t available.
Control and Connectivity Options
Selecting a smart thermostat for your heat-only system means paying close attention to its control and connectivity features. I look for devices supporting Wi-Fi or Z-Wave so I can control my system remotely and integrate it with my broader smart home setup. Compatibility with my system’s voltage and wiring is essential—whether it’s line voltage or low voltage—to guarantee it works seamlessly. Voice control options through Alexa, Google Assistant, or Apple HomeKit are a big plus, allowing hands-free operation. I also check for scheduling, geofencing, and energy reports to optimize efficiency and convenience. Finally, I prefer thermostats with robust mobile app control and automation features like temperature presets and alerts, making it easier to manage my heating effortlessly.
Installation Simplicity
Installing a smart thermostat for a heat-only system can be straightforward if you pay attention to its design and features. Many models are made for DIY installation, with built-in levels, step-by-step app instructions, and simple wiring setups to make the process easier. Compatibility with your existing wiring is vital; some thermostats support no C-wire or include power extender kits, simplifying installation further. Since heat-only systems typically require fewer connections than multi-stage setups, setup time is reduced. Clear visual guides, like labeled wire stickers and mounting hardware, also help users with limited technical experience. Overall, choosing a thermostat with strong installation support and minimal wiring needs ensures a quicker, easier setup and less reliance on professional help.
Energy Saving Features
When choosing a smart thermostat for a heat-only system, prioritizing energy-saving features can lead to significant cost reductions and environmental benefits. Look for models with flexible scheduling and geofencing, which adjust temperatures based on occupancy and time, reducing unnecessary heating. Energy Star certification guarantees the device meets strict efficiency standards, helping lower costs and minimize environmental impact. Features like auto changeover, temperature offsets, and humidity control optimize system operation, cutting wasteful heating. Monitoring and reporting tools can track energy use and offer tips for further savings. Additionally, compatibility with utility demand response programs allows participation in peak shaving, providing extra savings and incentives during high-demand periods. These features work together to maximize efficiency and keep your heating bills in check.
Smart Home Integration
Smart home integration greatly enhances the convenience and efficiency of heat-only systems by allowing you to control your thermostat alongside other connected devices. Compatibility with platforms like Amazon Alexa, Google Assistant, Apple HomeKit, and Samsung SmartThings guarantees seamless voice control and automation. Many smart thermostats support remote management through mobile apps, so you can adjust settings and schedules from anywhere, saving time and energy. Integration capabilities often include linking with sensors or security systems, which can improve automation and comfort. Some models automatically adjust heating based on occupancy detection or geofencing, providing personalized comfort and reducing waste. Certification programs like Matter verify compatibility, giving you confidence that your thermostat will work reliably within your smart home ecosystem.
Frequently Asked Questions
Do These Thermostats Work With Old Heat-Only Systems?
Yes, many smart thermostats work with old heat-only systems, but you need to check compatibility first. I always look for models with simple wiring and manual override options, which tend to suit older setups. It’s a good idea to consult the thermostat’s compatibility guide or a professional installer to make sure it’ll work smoothly with your existing system, ensuring you stay cozy without any hassle.
Can I Install These Thermostats Myself or Need Professional Help?
Yes, you can often install these thermostats yourself if you’re comfortable with basic wiring. I recommend reading the installation instructions carefully and turning off power before starting. If you’re unsure or uncomfortable with electrical work, it’s best to hire a professional. Proper installation guarantees safety and ideal performance. Trust your skills, but don’t hesitate to seek help if needed—your comfort and safety come first!
Are These Thermostats Compatible With Smart Home Systems Like Alexa or Google?
Yes, many of these thermostats are compatible with smart home systems like Alexa and Google. Imagine controlling your heat with just a voice command—sounds great, right? Most top models seamlessly integrate, allowing you to create routines and customize settings effortlessly. Just double-check the specific model’s compatibility before purchase. Once set up, you’ll enjoy a smarter, more convenient way to stay cozy all season long.
How Do These Thermostats Improve Energy Efficiency for Heat-Only Systems?
These thermostats improve energy efficiency by learning your schedule and adjusting the temperature accordingly, so you’re not wasting energy when you’re away or asleep. I love how they provide precise control, allowing me to set specific temperatures and create heating schedules. Plus, remote access means I can tweak settings from my phone, ensuring my system runs only when needed. It saves me money and keeps my home comfortable effortlessly.
What Is the Typical Lifespan of These Smart Thermostats?
Most smart thermostats last around 10 to 15 years with proper care. I’ve found that regular updates and gentle handling prolong their lifespan. Keep the device clean, avoid power surges, and replace batteries when needed. These small steps help ensure your thermostat stays reliable, so you stay cozy without unexpected breakdowns. Overall, investing in quality and maintenance really pays off for longevity.
Conclusion
Choosing the right smart thermostat is like finding the perfect cozy blanket—you want warmth without the fuss. With options tailored for heat-only systems, you can enjoy comfort and energy savings all season long. Remember, the right thermostat can turn your home into a haven, making chilly days a distant memory. So, take your time, weigh your needs, and pick the one that keeps you snug as a bug in a rug.
Noah, the Editor-in-Chief at Cappuccino Oracle, plays a pivotal role in shaping the voice and vision of our renowned platform. With an unwavering passion for coffee, coffee alternatives, and tea, Noah leads Cappuccino Oracle towards new horizons in the realm of coffee journalism.
Noah’s upbringing immersed him in the distinct aromas of artisanal coffee roasters, sparking a fascination that continues to fuel his professional journey. He joined Cappuccino Oracle as a senior editor and later assumed the position of Editor-in-Chief. Under his guidance, our platform has flourished into a trusted source for coffee, coffee alternatives, and tea lovers worldwide.
